在哔哩哔哩上看 是落拓呀 的区块链简明教程,趁热打铁,把自己学习过程记录下来
本项目的 Github 地址 ↓
[github repo=“taurusxin/taurusxincoin” /]
区块
区块即是每一次的交易,比如A转账给B十元,那么这条交易就写在这个区块内
区块里面实际包含的是
- 交易数据
- 本次交易的 hash
- 前一次交易的 hash
其中本一次交易的 hash 为 “本次交易的数据 + 上一次交易的hash” 的 hash 值
用简明的伪代码表示就是
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| Block = {
data = '',
hash = sha256(data + previousHash),
previousHash = ''
}
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链
链就是一系列区块的总和,与之相联通的就是 hash 值,每一次的交易都有它的 hash,与链表的作用机制相似
可以理解为一个链表,简明代码表示就是一个数组
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| Chain = {
blocks[Block]
}
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JS实现
这里用 node.js 来实现一个简单的区块链
初始化项目,安装 crypto-js 依赖
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| npm init
npm install crypto-js -S
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构建 Block 和 Chain 对象
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| class Block {
constructor(data, previousHash) {
this.data = data
this.previousHash = previousHash
this.hash = this.computeHash()
}
computeHash() {
return sha256(this.data + this.previousHash).toString()
}
}
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构造函数传入了这个对象的 data
previousHash
数据,然后定义了对象成员 hash
,用于计算当前区块的 hash
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| class Chain {
constructor() {
this.chain = [this.bigBang()]
}
bigBang() {
const genisisBlcok = new Block('我是祖先', '')
return genisisBlcok
}
getLatestBlock() {
return this.chain[this.chain.length - 1]
}
addBlockToChain(newBlock) {
// find the nearest block's hash
// which is the new block's previous hash
newBlock.previousHash = this.getLatestBlock().hash
newBlock.hash = newBlock.computeHash()
this.chain.push(newBlock)
}
// check the previous hash is equal to previous block's hash
validateChain() {
if (this.chain.length === 1) {
if (this.chain[0].hash !== this.chain[0].computeHash()) {
return false
}
return true
}
// check if current data has been change
for (let i = 1; i < this.chain.length; i++) {
const blockToValidate = this.chain[i]
if (blockToValidate.hash !== blockToValidate.computeHash()) {
console.log('data has been change')
return false
}
const previousBlcok = this.chain[i - 1]
if (blockToValidate.previousHash !== previousBlcok.hash) {
console.log('previous and current block lost connection')
return false
}
}
return true
}
}
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最初始的 chain
只包含一个祖先区块,它没有 previousHash
,并用 bigBang
方法进行初始化,addBlockToChain
方法实现了添加一个区块,并自动计算其 hash
validateChain()
方法,从三种情况去校验这个链是否合法。
- 只有一个祖先区块时,校验祖先区块数据是否被篡改
- 从第二个区块开始遍历是否有数据被篡改
- 从第二个区块开始遍历是否有hash值被修改
检验代码是否有效
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| const taurusxinChain = new Chain()
const block1 = new Block('转账十元', '')
taurusxinChain.addBlockToChain(block1)
const block2 = new Block('转账十个十元', '')
taurusxinChain.addBlockToChain(block2)
console.log(taurusxinChain)
console.log(taurusxinChain.validateChain())
// try to change the block data
taurusxinChain.chain[1].data = '转账一百个十元'
console.log(taurusxinChain.validateChain())
// try to change the block hash
taurusxinChain.chain[1].hash = taurusxinChain.chain[1].computeHash()
console.log(taurusxinChain.validateChain())
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输出结果
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| Chain {
chain: [
Block {
data: '我是祖先',
previousHash: '',
hash: 'dbf4cebe91cf0212be8ee04289855fc17e0085d45a7b4c69eeb79e7c636b48fc'
},
Block {
data: '转账十元',
previousHash: 'dbf4cebe91cf0212be8ee04289855fc17e0085d45a7b4c69eeb79e7c636b48fc',
hash: 'f135810d2aa85703b2f7356877b95de3dad00955830d570568dd42dd52b93500'
},
Block {
data: '转账十个十元',
previousHash: 'f135810d2aa85703b2f7356877b95de3dad00955830d570568dd42dd52b93500',
hash: 'ec3caa66201967755657f30156f38207de23c897caa9aa3ca972f413b9a6a749'
}
]
}
true
data has been change
false
previous and current block lost connection
false
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第一次生成区块链,校验成功,输出true
尝试更改第二个区块的数据,输出 data has been change
尝试更改第二个区块的hash值,输出 previous and current block lost connection
下一阶段